chapter 15

1. Who are the majority of recent immigrants from Spanish-speaking America and who do their migration patterns most resemble?

The majority of spanish speaking immigrants are first and second generation. Their migration patterns mostly resemble the late 19th century Europeans.

2. What became the Cuban American population center, what was their socio-economic background, and what effect have they had on the part of America where they are concentrated?
Miami became the Cuban American population center. Most Cuban Americans were at least lower middle class, but they were skilled immigrants. Carlos Arboleya and many other skilled Cubans helped spark the boom in South Florida. In the 1970's a third of Miami's commercial bank employes were Cubans. 16 out of 52 were bank presidents, 250 vice presidents and 500 other bank officers.

3.How has the Cuban Refugee program effected race relations?
The Cuban refugee program has effected race relations because it affects the native American poor. Cuban families were being offered a full package of social services as soon as they arrived in the U.S. They received medical care, job and educational counseling, and direct cash payments at federal standards. The Cubans were receiving this type of service, while native Americans who were living here, especially blacks were not able to have these services. If they did receive services it was at a lower state rate.

4.What percentage of the Dominican population came to the U.S. on tourist visas?
The numbers are uncertain. Although, from 1966 to 1976 more than a million Domicans were recorded to be on tourist visas.

5.Why are conditions so bad in Haiti, and why are Haitians not generally given refugee status in the U.S.?
Haitians are unwanted refugees from hunger. Also, Daniels states that many argue that Haitians are discriminated against because they are black. The majority of them were laced in long-term detention. Those who were paroled were "free", but left without an income.

6. With the exception of Costa Rica, what kind of shape are the countries of Central America in and why?
Central America does not hold a stable democratic government. All are poor countries since they received their independence from Spain.

7.y did the president of El Salvador ask the U.S. not to deport Salvadorans?
He asked them not to deport Salvadorans because the remittances that they were sending back from "El Notre" were such an important part of national income, more valuable than American foreign aid.

8.What are the three classes of Central America refugees?
Political exiles-smallest group, usually well-educated, middle or upper class, conforms to previous notions about refugees. Copes well with like in the United State, and are able to get asylum.
Urban refugees-most often unsuccessful asylum seekers, seem to make up the bulk of illegal immigrants. Usually of working class or lower middle class,usually find jobs in urban areas if they do come to the united states, are pressured into going into the army. Usually will send home for relatives, usually do not return because they know it is dangerous to return and it is hard to come back.
Peasants-the most numerous group, has the fewest resources either in money or experiences. Rarely get to the United States


9. What is the sanctuary movement?
A group that provides housing, food, jobs for legitimate refugees but who are in the country illegally. They also help them get into the country and assist them in evading immigration and other law enforcement officials. They insist that their cause is good and that they are an old American tradition going back to the Underground railroad of slavery days which assisted runaway slaves.