Chapter 13

1. Recap: What are the Immigration Act of 1924 and the national origins system?
The immigration act of 1924 included the National Origins Act, and the Asian exclusion Act. The act limited the number of immigrants who could be admitted from any country. The law was aimed at restricting Asians and Eastern Europeans.
The national origin system was the American system of immigration quota between 1921-1956, which restricted immigration on the basis of existing proportions to the population. It gave low quotas to the Eastern Europeans and Asians.

2.How did the Cold War effect immigration and immigration policy?

3. What was surprising about who was admitted under the Displaced Persons Act of 1948?
It was the first piece of legislation in American history that set refugee policy as opposed to immigration policy.
Displaced Person's act
This act helped those individuals who were victims of persecution by the Nazi government or who were fleeing persecution, and someone who could not go back to their country because of fear of persecution based on race, religion or political opinions. This act dealt directly with Germany, Austria, and Italy, the French sector of either Berlin or Vienna or the American or British Zone and a native of Czechoslovakia. These individuals were granted permanent residency and employment without making someone give up their current job. The displaced person could bring their family with them as long as they were “good” citizens who could stay out of jail and provide financially for themselves without public assistance. The spouse and children under twenty one is eligible for permanent residency. A child who was under the age of sixteen who became an orphan because their parents either went missing or died would also be cared for by the U.S. Two thousand visas were to be granted for those who qualified as a displaced person. If someone was in the U.S. prior to April 1, 1948 they could apply to the Attorney General to overlook their status to possibly become a permanent resident. (http://library.uwb.edu/guides/usimmigration/1948_displaced_persons_act.html)

4. What did President Truman say was the greatest vice of the quota system and what was he specifically referring to?
Truman stated, "it discriminates, deliberately and intentionally, against many of the peoples of the world. The purpose behind it was to cut down and virtually eliminate immigration to this country from Southern and Eastern Europe." He was referring to allocating visas without regard to national origin, race, creed, or color. Instead, it would be issued to them according to the five principles, the right of asylum, family reunification, needs in the United States, needs in the 'Free World" and general immigration. It put a limitation on the number of immigrants to be allowed in using the same formula in 1924

5. While immigration policy was still focused on Europe, who was really immigrating to the U.S. in larger numbers and why?
Latin Americans and Asians were immigrating to the United States in larger numbers. Latin Americans immigration increased because of the Mexican Revolution. The 1952 law was not the only reason Asians and Latin Americans were immigrating. Few Eastern Europeans were able to emigrate, after the postwar European economic began fewer Europeans Westerners want to immigrate. In Latin America there was political upheaval, and a deteriorating economic conditions. In Asia modernization was developing and educated people were able to use their skills and emigrate to other places.

6.What was revolutionary about the Immigration Act of 1965 and how did it fit with the national mood?
The quota system should be phased out over a five year period with released numbers being put into a pool to be distributed on a new basis. The natives of no one country receive more than ten percent of the newly authorized quota numbers. The seven-person immigration board be set up to advise the president. It is composed of two numbers appointed by the Speaker of the House, tow members appointed by the president

7. What were the unanticipated results of the 1965 law?
All non refugee migration has been the chain migration of relatives a process that is likely to continue as long as the law stays as it is and conditions in Asia and Latin America stay as they are. The law has not materially changed the functioning of the law.

8.What is parole authority and how does it relate to the Refugee Act of 1980.
The parole authority was an authority that every president since Franklin Roosevelt had exercised to authorize a resumed flow of airlifted Cubans to the United States, a slow that would approach for hundred thousand fifteen years later when Congress was considering what because the 1980 Refugee Act. The experience with Southeast Asians shaped the law experiencing being first asylums in countries was not a good guide to the immediate future.It related to the refugee act because it brought four hundred thousand Vietnamese and Southeast Asians.

9.How does a refugee differ from an asylee?
An asylee is a person who is in fear of persecution based on their race, religion, or nationality. A refugee is a person who has been forced to leave their country based persecution, war, or natural disaster.An asylee applies for entry in the US while already here, either legally or a person who came in on a student or visitors visa.

10. How did American attitudes toward refugees change between WWII and 1980?
The American attitudes changed because for the first time the United States recognized the right of asylum and created a new legal category. The Carter administration proposed a total of 50,000. However many came in in without numerical limitation. 1953 Act allowed Asians to become eligible for admission as refugees. 2.25 million persons were admitted to the United States